This page is the reference for the Bank Safety Checker: what the engine takes in, what it refuses to decide, how a rule becomes a published rule, and which versions are live. It is written for advisers and for anyone who wants to check a result rather than take it on trust. The current versions are catalogue-2026.11.01-v2 and rules-2026.11.01-v2; every result shows the versions it was computed with.
The engine separates who you are, what you hold, where it is held, who issued it and which rule applies. That separation is the product. A single "account" object would have hidden the cases where one bank plays three roles.
| Object | Key fields | Constraint |
|---|---|---|
| LegalEntity | entity_id, legal_name, jurisdiction, registry id, status, verified_at | A fixed internal id. Brands and aliases are mapped to the entity with a source and a date; a brand is never a key for a calculation. |
| EntityRelationship | from, to, relation_type, valid_from, valid_to, source | Group membership, brand and branch are separate links. No guarantee is ever inferred from an ownership link. |
| Account | account_ref, holder_ref, institution_id, booking_country, ownership_type | account_ref is a label you choose. The tool has no field for an account number. |
| Position | position_id, asset_type, amount, currency, valuation_date, instrument | Amounts are decimal strings, carried as integer minor units. asset_type and ownership are required for any quantitative result. |
| Instrument | issuer_id, instrument_type, identifier, source | An unknown issuer stays unknown. A fund unit is not the list of assets inside the fund. |
| ProtectionRule | rule_id, version, jurisdiction, eligibility, aggregation_key, limit, exclusions | Conditions are written so that they can be tested deterministically. Publication needs a reviewer's signature. |
| EvidenceRecord | source_id, url, publisher, retrieved_at, effective_from, rights | A reference is not a licence to copy a database; the catalogue stores what we checked, not a mirror of the register. |
| AnalysisResult | dataset_version, rules_version, coverage_status, findings, unresolved | Same inputs and versions give the same result. The scenario is not stored on any server in this version. |
The ownership view counts every asset once and gives the portfolio total. The exposure view shows overlapping relationships: a $100 bond can be held by one custodian and issued by another entity, so it appears under both, and the portfolio total stays $100. Exposure to a group of companies is a third view, separate from the pooling that the protection rules use: two licensed banks in one group are two pooling units; two brands of one bank are one.
FDIC standard maximum deposit insurance amount, single-account ownership category: USD 250,000 per depositor, per insured bank. Eligibility: account booked in the United States, asset type bank deposit, owner one individual with no beneficiaries named, currency USD, institution in the catalogue with an FDIC certificate. Pooling unit: one depositor, one legal bank, the single-account category. Excluded: securities, mutual funds and annuities (not deposits); deposits booked at a branch outside the United States; joint, trust, business and retirement categories (not calculated in this version). In force since 21 July 2010 at this level; checked 1 November 2026. Sources: FDIC, Deposit Insurance At A Glance; FDIC, Understanding Deposit Insurance.
Swiss privileged deposits and esisuisse protection: CHF 100,000 per client and bank. Eligibility: account booked in Switzerland, asset type bank deposit, owner one individual or a joint account of individuals (a joint-account group counts as one client since 1 January 2023), currency CHF, institution in the catalogue as a FINMA-authorised Swiss bank. Excluded: deposits held by banks, securities firms and insurers for their own account; custody assets; trust and company ownership (not calculated). In force in this form since 1 January 2023; checked 1 November 2026. Sources: FINMA, Depositor protection; esisuisse, Changes as of 2023; Banking Act, Articles 37a, 37b and 37h.
Custody assets at a Swiss bank belong to the client, are segregated from the bankrupt estate and returned. This is a rule about ownership of the asset, not about its value or the solvency of its issuer, and it produces a description, never an amount. Sources: FINMA, Depositor protection; Banking Act, Article 37d.
Securities and fund units held through a US bank or broker are not insured deposits. Customer-property rules and SIPC protection exist and are not calculated here. Descriptive only. Sources: FDIC, Deposit Insurance At A Glance; SIPC, What SIPC protects.
Version 2 of the rule packs attaches dated statements from the sources to each finding, so a reader sees how a scheme pays and not only how much: the FDIC's stated goal of paying insured deposits within two business days of a failure and the Receiver's Certificate for the uninsured part (FDIC, Payment to Depositors); the second creditor class and immediate payment of privileged deposits from liquid assets (FINMA); esisuisse's seven-working-day transfer to the liquidator and the prefunding of half its obligation (esisuisse, Changes as of 2023); and the segregation of custody assets (FINMA). These are quotations or close paraphrases, not rules the engine calculates with.
A result that cannot be confirmed carries one of these codes instead of a figure: ENTITY_AMBIGUOUS (the name matches more than one legal entity, for example a cooperative group), ENTITY_UNVERIFIED (not in the catalogue), ENTITY_NOT_COVERED (catalogued under another country's pack), OWNERSHIP_UNSUPPORTED, JURISDICTION_UNSUPPORTED, FX_MISSING (deposit currency differs from the rule's; no exchange rate is loaded in this version), ISSUER_UNKNOWN, FUND_NO_LOOKTHROUGH, POLICY_NOT_CALCULATED, BROKER_CASH_UNDETERMINED, CUSTODY_RULE_UNDETERMINED, ASSET_TYPE_UNKNOWN, DUPLICATE_POSITION, AMOUNT_INVALID, CURRENCY_UNKNOWN. An error is never returned as a zero amount.
The catalogue is deliberately small. An entry is added when its legal name and official identifier have been checked against the named register on a stated date, and when the brands that appear on statements have been mapped to it. A bank that is not listed can still be entered as "Other"; the engine maps it and marks every deposit at it as unverified.
| Country | Legal entity | Identifier | Group recorded |
|---|---|---|---|
| US | JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 628 | JPMorgan Chase & Co. |
| US | Bank of America, National Association | FDIC Cert 3510 | Bank of America Corporation |
| US | Citibank, National Association | FDIC Cert 7213 | Citigroup Inc. |
| US | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 3511 | Wells Fargo & Company |
| US | Goldman Sachs Bank USA | FDIC Cert 33124 | The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
| US | U.S. Bank National Association | FDIC Cert 6548 | U.S. Bancorp |
| US | Capital One, National Association | FDIC Cert 4297 | Capital One Financial Corporation |
| US | PNC Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 6384 | The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. |
| US | Truist Bank | FDIC Cert 9846 | Truist Financial Corporation |
| US | The Bank of New York Mellon | FDIC Cert 639 | The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation |
| US | Morgan Stanley Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 32992 | Morgan Stanley |
| US | State Street Bank and Trust Company | FDIC Cert 14 | State Street Corporation |
| US | TD Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 18409 | The Toronto-Dominion Bank |
| US | Fifth Third Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 6672 | Fifth Third Bancorp |
| US | The Huntington National Bank | FDIC Cert 6560 | Huntington Bancshares Incorporated |
| US | BMO Bank National Association | FDIC Cert 16571 | Bank of Montreal |
| US | Charles Schwab Bank, SSB | FDIC Cert 57450 | The Charles Schwab Corporation |
| US | Morgan Stanley Private Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 34221 | Morgan Stanley |
| US | First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company | FDIC Cert 11063 | First Citizens BancShares, Inc. |
| US | Citizens Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 57957 | Citizens Financial Group, Inc. |
| US | Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company | FDIC Cert 588 | M&T Bank Corporation |
| US | American Express National Bank | FDIC Cert 27471 | American Express Company |
| US | KeyBank National Association | FDIC Cert 17534 | KeyCorp |
| US | Ally Bank | FDIC Cert 57803 | Ally Financial Inc. |
| US | The Northern Trust Company | FDIC Cert 913 | Northern Trust Corporation |
| US | HSBC Bank USA, National Association | FDIC Cert 57890 | HSBC Holdings plc |
| US | Regions Bank | FDIC Cert 12368 | Regions Financial Corporation |
| US | Pinnacle Bank | FDIC Cert 35583 | Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. |
| US | UBS Bank USA, National Association | FDIC Cert 57565 | UBS Group AG |
| US | Synchrony Bank | FDIC Cert 27314 | Synchrony Financial |
| US | USAA Federal Savings Bank | FDIC Cert 32188 | USAA |
| US | Santander Bank, N.A. | FDIC Cert 29950 | Banco Santander, S.A. |
| US | City National Bank | FDIC Cert 17281 | Royal Bank of Canada |
| US | Western Alliance Bank | FDIC Cert 57512 | Western Alliance Bancorporation |
| US | Zions Bancorporation, N.A. | FDIC Cert 2270 | Zions Bancorporation |
| US | Flagstar Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 32541 | Flagstar Financial, Inc. |
| US | East West Bank | FDIC Cert 31628 | East West Bancorp, Inc. |
| US | First Horizon Bank | FDIC Cert 4977 | First Horizon Corporation |
| US | Old National Bank | FDIC Cert 3832 | Old National Bancorp |
| US | UMB Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 8273 | UMB Financial Corporation |
| US | SouthState Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 33555 | SouthState Corporation |
| US | CIBC Bank USA | FDIC Cert 33306 | Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce |
| US | Valley National Bank | FDIC Cert 9396 | Valley National Bancorp |
| US | Columbia Bank | FDIC Cert 17266 | Columbia Banking System, Inc. |
| US | Banco Popular de Puerto Rico | FDIC Cert 34968 | Popular, Inc. |
| US | SoFi Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 26881 | SoFi Technologies, Inc. |
| US | Frost Bank | FDIC Cert 5510 | Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. |
| US | BOKF, National Association | FDIC Cert 4214 | BOK Financial Corporation |
| US | Associated Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 5296 | Associated Banc-Corp |
| US | First National Bank of Pennsylvania | FDIC Cert 7888 | F.N.B. Corporation |
| US | Bank of China | FDIC Cert 33653 | Bank of China Limited |
| US | EverBank, National Association | FDIC Cert 34775 | EverBank Financial Corp |
| US | Raymond James Bank | FDIC Cert 33893 | Raymond James Financial, Inc. |
| US | Prosperity Bank | FDIC Cert 16835 | Prosperity Bancshares, Inc. |
| US | Barclays Bank Delaware | FDIC Cert 57203 | Barclays PLC |
| US | MidFirst Bank | FDIC Cert 4063 | Midland Financial Co. |
| US | Bank OZK | FDIC Cert 110 | Bank OZK |
| US | Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas | FDIC Cert 623 | Deutsche Bank AG |
| US | Atlantic Union Bank | FDIC Cert 34589 | Atlantic Union Bankshares Corporation |
| US | Hancock Whitney Bank | FDIC Cert 12441 | Hancock Whitney Corporation |
| US | Commerce Bank | FDIC Cert 24998 | Commerce Bancshares, Inc. |
| US | Banc of California | FDIC Cert 24045 | Banc of California, Inc. |
| US | BankUnited, National Association | FDIC Cert 58979 | BankUnited, Inc. |
| US | First National Bank of Omaha | FDIC Cert 5452 | First National of Nebraska, Inc. |
| US | United Bank | FDIC Cert 22858 | United Bankshares, Inc. |
| US | Texas Capital Bank | FDIC Cert 34383 | Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc. |
| US | Fulton Bank, National Association | FDIC Cert 7551 | Fulton Financial Corporation |
| US | TD Bank USA, National Association | FDIC Cert 33947 | The Toronto-Dominion Bank |
| US | Glacier Bank | FDIC Cert 30788 | Glacier Bancorp, Inc. |
| US | Eastern Bank | FDIC Cert 32773 | Eastern Bankshares, Inc. |
| US | BNY Mellon, National Association | FDIC Cert 7946 | The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation |
| CH | UBS Switzerland AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | UBS Group AG |
| CH | UBS AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | UBS Group AG |
| CH | Zürcher Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Raiffeisen (Switzerland) | Not an entity; returns ENTITY_AMBIGUOUS | Raiffeisen Group |
| CH | PostFinance AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Die Schweizerische Post AG |
| CH | Banque Pictet & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Pictet Group |
| CH | Bank Julius Bär & Co. AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Julius Bär Gruppe AG |
| CH | Banque Lombard Odier & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Lombard Odier Group |
| CH | EFG Bank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | EFG International AG |
| CH | Bank Vontobel AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Vontobel Holding AG |
| CH | Bank J. Safra Sarasin AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | J. Safra Sarasin Holding AG |
| CH | Union Bancaire Privée, UBP SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | UBP Group |
| CH | Mirabaud & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Mirabaud Group |
| CH | Edmond de Rothschild (Suisse) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Edmond de Rothschild Group |
| CH | Banque Syz SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Syz Group |
| CH | LGT Bank (Schweiz) AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | LGT Group (Liechtenstein) |
| CH | Rothschild & Co Bank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Rothschild & Co |
| CH | Bergos AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | REYL & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Intesa Sanpaolo |
| CH | Gonet & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Bonhôte & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Piguet Galland & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Banque Cantonale Vaudoise |
| CH | Maerki Baumann & Co. AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Heritage SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | CBH Compagnie Bancaire Helvétique SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Cramer & Cie SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | ONE swiss bank SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | JPMorgan Chase & Co. |
| CH | Goldman Sachs Bank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
| CH | Morgan Stanley (Switzerland) AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Morgan Stanley |
| CH | Citibank (Switzerland) AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Citigroup Inc. |
| CH | HSBC Private Bank (Suisse) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | HSBC Holdings plc |
| CH | BNP Paribas (Suisse) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | BNP Paribas |
| CH | CA Indosuez (Switzerland) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Crédit Agricole |
| CH | Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Deutsche Bank AG |
| CH | Barclays Bank (Suisse) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Barclays PLC |
| CH | Arab Bank (Switzerland) Ltd | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Arab Bank Group |
| CH | Habib Bank AG Zurich | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Audi (Suisse) SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Bank Audi |
| CH | Bank CIC (Schweiz) AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Crédit Mutuel |
| CH | Migros Bank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Migros |
| CH | Bank Cler AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Basler Kantonalbank |
| CH | Valiant Bank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Swissquote Bank SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | Swissquote Group |
| CH | Cembra Money Bank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Bank WIR Genossenschaft | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Hypothekarbank Lenzburg AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Bank von Roll AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Cantonale Vaudoise | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Cantonale de Genève | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Basler Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Luzerner Kantonalbank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | St.Galler Kantonalbank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Berner Kantonalbank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Thurgauer Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Graubündner Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Aargauische Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Zuger Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Schwyzer Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Cantonale de Fribourg | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Cantonale du Valais | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Cantonale Neuchâteloise | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banque Cantonale du Jura SA | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Basellandschaftliche Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Schaffhauser Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Glarner Kantonalbank AG | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Nidwaldner Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Obwaldner Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Urner Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Appenzeller Kantonalbank | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
| CH | Banca dello Stato del Cantone Ticino | FINMA-authorised bank; UID not loaded | None |
The 71 US entries are the largest FDIC-insured banks by assets; their certificate numbers were read from the FDIC's institution register on 1 November 2026, and each entry records the brands, divisions and sweep programs that appear on statements under its name. The 70 Swiss entries cover the two UBS banks, the private banks, the cantonal banks, PostFinance and the Swiss subsidiaries of the international groups. Swiss entries carry the legal name as published by the bank and by FINMA; the commercial-register UID will be added when each one has been checked individually, and until then the field says "not loaded" rather than carrying a guess. A catalogue entry can be suspended without touching the rule packs.
Collect the source. Extract what changed. Draft the rule with its eligibility, pooling unit, limit, exclusions and effective date. Have a domain reviewer read it against the source. Run it against the test cases, real but disguised or synthetic. Have a second person approve publication. Publish a new, numbered version. The person who drafted a rule is never its only approver, and a change in a public figure is never pushed to users automatically.
Each published bundle is immutable and carries a checksum; earlier versions are kept so that a report can be reproduced. "Last checked" and "in force since" are two separate fields, because a document published today can describe a rule that starts next year. A source that has expired or that contradicts another source suspends only the findings that depend on it; the screen says which part is unavailable and why.
Language models may be used to suggest a text extraction or to flag a change. They do not decide a limit, an eligibility, an entity's identity or a result. The source is kept, every material extraction is verified by a person, and no external file or page can alter the engine's instructions.
Each source has an owner, a checking frequency and a maximum age. The initial schedule is: official notices every working day, rule packs monthly, entity mappings at the cadence of the register. None of this is real time, and the tool does not present it as such. Because this version keeps no accounts, earlier users cannot be notified of a change; every downloaded summary carries its versions and a link back to this page for that reason.
A domain reviewer defines the expected result and the evidence for each case; a test that merely restates the engine's formula proves nothing. Every rule change re-runs all cases for that country plus the shared pooling and identity cases. The current set, all passing on 1 November 2026:
| Case | Expected |
|---|---|
| Two deposits at one bank, one owner: $200,000 and $100,000 | Pool before limit: $250,000 within, $50,000 above; cites RS_US_FDIC_SINGLE and the FDIC source; the surplus is never described as a loss |
| Two brands of one legal entity | One limit, not two |
| Two licensed banks in one group | Two pools, two limits; a group link shown separately with no guarantee inferred |
| Trust or company ownership | unsupported, with no amount that could be mistaken for a single-owner figure; the amount moves to "not determined" |
| Fund units at a Swiss custodian | No deposit limit applied; segregation finding under RS_CH_CUSTODY_SEGREGATION; nothing counted as an eligible deposit |
| Bank's own bond held in custody at that bank, plus a deposit there | Custody and issuer links to the same entity; bond excluded from the deposit pool; "issuer is custodian" note; entity exposure equals deposit plus issuer claim; portfolio total counts each asset once |
| Another issuer's paper held at a bank | Custodian carries no credit exposure; the issuer does |
| Cash inside a policy | No deposit cover inferred; POLICY_NOT_CALCULATED |
| Unknown or ambiguous entity | ENTITY_UNVERIFIED or ENTITY_AMBIGUOUS; not a zero, not a green mark |
| The same position entered twice | Second entry ignored by id; the total does not grow |
| EUR deposit at a US bank | FX_MISSING; no converted amount, no limit test |
| Three deposits of 100,000.99 | Exact cents through pooling; rounding only at display |
| Swiss joint account of CHF 300,000 | One client: CHF 100,000 within, CHF 200,000 above (2023 rule); the same account in the US pack is unsupported |
| Two holders at one bank | Two pools, one per owner; only the owner above the limit is reported above it |
| Several divisions of one chartered bank (Zions, Western Alliance, Glacier and the like) | One pool, one limit |
| US-booked deposit entered against a Swiss bank | ENTITY_NOT_COVERED; the reader is asked which entity and branch books the account |
| Observations | Generated from the result: largest dependency with its composition, pools above a limit, pooled brands, group links, custody versus debt, issuer-is-custodian, undetermined share; never a verdict word |
| What-if move | Computed on a copy; the live scenario is unchanged until applied; a move inside one group is flagged |
| Same input, same versions, run twice | Byte-identical output apart from the timestamp |
| Network and storage during a scenario | No requests, no local storage, no session storage, no cookies written by the tool |
The fixtures confirm that the code does what this page says. They do not test the law, and they do not test the assumption that the institution you selected is the one on your statement. Those are the reviewer's and the reader's jobs respectively.
Engine and interface: built and fixture-tested 1 November 2026; version 1.1.0 the same day (institution search across brands, named holders, observations, what-if, concentration, payout facts, catalogue v2), 42 fixtures passing. Catalogue: US entries checked against FDIC records 1 November 2026; Swiss entries checked against FINMA's authorised-institutions list 1 November 2026. Rule packs: drafted from the cited sources 1 November 2026; published for the pilot; independent banking-law review for the United States and for Switzerland is the next step, and the reviewer's name and date will be added here when it is complete. Until then the checker carries the pilot label. Responsible for content: Eldar Edmond Grady, Chief Executive Officer, PPLI.com. Corrections: [email protected].
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